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Sanitary Fittings
Sanitary Fittings are cleanable tubing connections installed in systems of process piping to ensure sterility and cleanliness. Like regular fittings, sanitary fittings connect sections of piping systems to regulate the flow of fluid, but sanitary fittings are specially designed and made to prevent the entrapment, formation, and spread of bacteria in the piping system.
Versatility
Pipe fitting can be used in a wide range of applications, from residential plumbing to heavy-duty industrial processes. Whether you need to connect pipes for water supply, drainage, heating, cooling, or chemical processing, there are various types of pipe fittings available to suit your specific needs. This versatility makes pipe fitting a valuable skill and technology.
Leak Prevention
Properly installed and maintained pipe fittings help prevent leaks in fluid or gas transport systems. Leakages can lead to costly repairs, environmental hazards, and safety risks. Pipe fittings such as couplings, unions, and seals ensure a secure and leak-free connection between pipes, reducing the chances of wastage and damage.
Flexibility
Pipe fitting allows for flexibility in designing and configuring pipe systems. It enables the creation of complex piping networks that can adapt to various layouts and structures.
Efficiency
Efficient pipe fitting can improve the overall efficiency of fluid and gas transport systems. Properly sized and installed fittings can reduce pressure drops and friction losses within the pipes, ensuring that the fluid or gas flows smoothly and at the desired rate. This can lead to energy savings and improved system performance.
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Sanitary Clamp Holder Male
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Sanitary Y Type Tee
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Sanitary Pipe Ferrule
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Sanitary Union DIN SMS RJT
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Sanitary Short Tee
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Sanitary 180 Elbow Tee Welded
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Sanitary Short Cross Welded
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Sanitary Blank
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Sanitary Clamped Reducing Tee
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Sanitary Clamped Eccentric Reducer
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Sanitary Clamped Concentric Reducer
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Sanitary Y Tee Clamped
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Ball And Sleeve Fittings
Ball and sleeve fittings connect an outer retractable sleeve to an inner ball fitting.
Barbed Fittings
Barbed fittings connect hoses and other low-pressure vessels through a barbed or ridged adapter that allows a firm grip.
Cam And Groove Coupling/ Camlock Adapters/ Camlock Fittings
Cam and groove or camlock fittings are a form of hose fitting that locks the connection when external levers are folded back over the sides of the socket. Camlock fittings are often used in industrial-strength applications such as fire hose and sewage pumping systems.
Compression Fittings
Compression fittings are made up of an outer compression nut and an inner compression ferrule or ring.
Crimp Fittings
Crimp fittings create an airtight seal with a metal sleeve or crimp socket that seals off the vessel. Crimp fittings are highly durable and resistant to pressure and temperature.
End Fittings
End fittings provide specific end surfaces for making connections. Clamp ends are fittings which clamp the vessels to the connection. Plain ends are fittings which connect vessels by adhesive, solder, or other forms.
Flange Fittings
Flange fittings are methods of connecting pipes, valves and pumps via an external or internal ridge or rim that adds strength to the system. Used when the connections require dismantling, flanges are the second most widely used joining method after welding. When applied to connect surfaces, flanges are attached with clamps, bolts, and welding. When used to connect tubes and pipes, flange fittings are attached separately to the vessel ends.
Luer taper/ Luer Locks
Luer taper or luer locks are an industry-standard system for small-scale fluid fittings, where a male-taper fitting is connected into its female counterpart fitting. They are commonly used for short, single-use applications such as syringes and to connect tubes in medical and laboratory applications.
Push-on/ Push-to-connect Fittings
Push-on or push-to-connect fittings are designed to connect by pushing a vessel into one end of a connection fitting. They are usually designed with a ring of metal spurs that grips the end of the vessel that is inserted into it. These fittings are suitable for applications that require frequent disconnection and reconnection.
Threaded Joints/ Threaded Fittings
Threaded fittings are one of the oldest forms of fittings for piping systems. They connect vessels using threaded fastening such as bolts and nuts. The screw threads are made with grooves on their inner (female) or outer (male) surfaces which connect to matching threads.
Sanitary Pipe Fitting Sizing
The size of your sanitary fitting is based on the sizes of the ferrules that it is connecting. This has to do with the physical mechanics behind how these parts are mated. You'll notice that it's the beveled surface on the outside diameter of the ferrule that's connected with the inside diameter of your sanitary fitting. This is the same for the other ferrule as well. When you tighten the clamp, you pull both ferrules together and create a sanitary seal.
Choose too big of a clamp, even just by a fraction of an inch, and you won't have the sanitary connection you need. That's because the clamp will be too loose around the ferrules or have openings that bacteria could find their way through. If your clamp is too small, you could warp the ferrules and damage your system.
While clamps should be sized specifically to your ferrules, typical sanitary fittings range from ½” to 12” for the tubing and 4” to 12” for the piping. For LJ Star's clamps, sizes and dimensions are standardized by ASME BPE to ensure product consistency and reliability. With this standardization, the flange's outside diameter is the same for 1/2” and 3/4” fittings, as well as for 1” and 1-1/2” fittings. Make sure that you measure the outside diameter of the tubing itself, not the flange, when choosing the size of your gaskets.
Working Principle of Sanitary Fittings
Also known as hygienic piping or high purity piping, sanitary fittings are most commonly used in the biological, pharmaceutical, medical, food, and beverage, dairy, cosmetic and personal care industries. These industries require high levels of hygiene, sterility, and cleanliness.
Sanitary fittings are also used in facilities that use potentially dangerous chemicals, to minimize safety risks and to ensure that no contamination takes place through the leakage. The role of sanitary fittings is thus paramount in ensuring that safety and hygiene standards are maintained at all times of operation.
They ensure that the required levels of hygiene and sterility are maintained during use because they are cleanable. They can be cleaned either by being dismantled and cleaned manually or through an inbuilt clean-in-place (CIP) process.
Most sanitary fittings are made of stainless steel. Sanitary fittings must be made of sterilizable and corrosion-resistant materials that can withstand frequent exposure to high temperatures, pressure, and chemicals. Stainless steel is the most commonly used material for sanitary fittings for process piping, with high-grade alloys also sometimes used. Stainless steel is naturally antimicrobial and is resistant to rust and corrosion. It is also an easy-to-clean surface that is perfectly suited to facilities where hygiene and cleanliness are of primary concern.
Materials Used in Sanitary Fittings
Stainless steel is the go-to material for sanitary fittings, and for a good reason. It offers an unrivaled mechanical strength and abrasion resistance, making it a great option for even the most challenging applications.
The main choice here is whether to go with 304 or 316 stainless steel. 304 stainless is cheaper and easier to get, but 316 stainless has superior corrosion resistance. Make sure to choose 316 stainless steel if your application involves any of the following:
Contact with superheated water or aggressive chemicals like hydrofluoric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid
Abrasive cleaning methods
Rapidly changing temperatures
Measuring a Sanitary Tube Fitting
Sanitary tube fitting sizes are denoted by the “sanitary size”, measured in inches ranging from 1/2” up to 12”. The sanitary fitting size refers to the outside diameter of the tube. There are two options to determine the sanitary size for any fitting:
Measure the Outside Diameter (OD) of the tube end:
-Lay your piece down on a sheet of paper and trace a circle around the outside of the tube end
-Measure the diameter of the traced circle to determine your piece's Outside Diameter (OD)
Measure the Outside Diameter (OD) of the flange end:
-Lay your piece down on a sheet of paper and trace a circle around the outside of the flange end
-Measure the diameter of the traced circle to determine the Outside Diameter (OD) of the flange end
-Note: 1” & 1 1/2” Sanitary Fittings have the same flange OD. To determine your size, also note the Inside Diameter (ID)
How to Check Sanitary Fittings
A proper inspection lets you see if your clamps might have any contamination issues. Look closely at your ferrules for gasket residue or surface imperfections. You'll want to check the clamp as well as you look for deformities, loose hinges, or damaged threads.
With the proper training, and a good set up instructions from your clamp's manufacturer, installing a sanitary fitting should be a seamless process. Just make sure the clamp and gasket are aligned and fitted, and not over or under torqued during installation.
Like everything worth doing, you should always make sure that things went according to plan. After installation, you'll want to examine your sanitary fitting to ensure that it was installed properly. Look for problems associated with contamination or misalignment. These issues can not only occur from improper installation techniques, but also from system vibration or other operational hazards.
Common Characteristics of Sanitary Piping
All sanitary piping is measured in tube OD. If you are holding a sanitary fitting in your hand, measure the outside diameter of the tube section of the fitting. That is the correct size, not what the face of the end fittings measures.
You can buy fittings and tubing in sizes ranging from ½ through 12”(DN10-DN300). ½”-4”(DN10-DN100) are the most commonly available sizes.
The wall thickness of sizes ½”-3” is 0.065” (16Ga)or DN10-DN50 is 1.5mm,while the SMS have different standard as the 1.25mm-1.6mm
The wall thickness of 4” is 0.083” (14Ga) Above DN65 those are 2mm
Most sanitary fittings are either 304 or 316L stainless steel. More noble alloys such as AL6XN, Titanium and Hastelloy are available in limited quantities and sizes.
The quality of the surface finish is categorized by its Ra. These have many different requirement for the different country.Someone call it Unpolished,Matt,Satin,Mirror polished and electrical polished. Surface is big different from Ra32-1.
Sanitary fittings donot have too much radius different. More are for the Elbow, those are the 1.5Radius,1D Radius and DIN sanitary type.
The most prevalent sanitary fitting end connection offerings are buttweld and sanitary clamp. A sanitary clamp joint consists of two, gender neutral fittings with a sanitary gasket in between, all head together by a clamp.
What Makes Sanitary Fittings Different from Regular Fittings
When it comes to pipe installation or reparation, the medical and food industries always turn to stainless steel sanitary fittings.
Sanitation Benefits
Regular fittings are made from iron, copper, aluminum, and other alloys. The biggest difference that makes sanitary fittings different from regular fittings is that they are made from stainless steel-a material that is easy to clean and disinfect. Stainless steel is not only safe for sensitive products like food, but it lacks any sort of pores or grooves, meaning dirt and debris cannot gain any sort of grip that would make it difficult to clean. As a further benefit, stainless steel is very resistant to corrosion. This keeps your fittings from rusting and potentially contaminating your products.
Stainless Steel Standards
While sanitary fittings still come in the mandatory national standard for general needs, the most size for sanitary fittings is ½ an inch to 4 inches while using either 304 or 316L stainless steels. Additionally, stainless steel sanitary fittings lack any pockets, threads, or tight radii, as the radii for sanitary fittings have been standardized.
The most common sanitary fittings used are buttwelds and sanitary clamps. Sanitary clamps are three-way crossroad pieces that look like a “T,” and they are one of the most important pieces of piping for facilities that handle food, liquids, or chemicals.
Quality Material
In addition to the hygienic benefits of stainless steel, there are other advantages of using these fittings. Stainless steel fittings are very sturdy and strong, while being relatively lightweight. They can resist impacts, guaranteeing a longer lifespan for your fittings. As a final bonus, stainless steel is a very easy material to fabricate, so they are as readily available as normal steels.
Surface Finish and Roughness Average
Possibly the greatest distinguishing feature of sanitary fittings from other types of fittings is what is known as surface finish. If you were to look at stainless steel alloys through a microscope, you would see tiny peaks and valleys. These are places that can harbor bacteria over time hence causing potential sanitary problems in the piping system.
Sanitary fittings are polished and smoothened to a point where the microscopic peaks and valleys are smoothened out and, in some cases, even eliminated. By finishing the surface in this manner, the chances of bacterial accumulation become greatly reduced.
Both the food and pharmaceutical industries require surface-finished sanitary fittings for their piping processes. Moreover, pharmaceutical applications require much smoother finished sanitary fittings, with a roughness average of 20 Ra. Meanwhile, sanitary fittings used in the food industry are required to have a roughness average of about 30 Ra.
